• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL8901615A
    申请号:NL8901615
    申请日:1989-06-26
    公开日:2000-09-01
    发明作者:
    申请人:Rheinmetall Ind Ag；Rm Euro B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Short designation: Lower gauge, rotation stabilized, one-sided projectile.
    The invention relates to a sub-caliber, rotationally stabilized, versatile missile (FAPDS) according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Such versatile projectiles (FAPDS: _Frangible Armor Piercing Discarding jSabot) in the caliber range of approximately 20 to 50 mm serve for the highest possible kinetic energy with correspondingly high fragmentation in the target and are specially designed to resist against air targets ( e.g. fast-flying aircraft, armored attack helicopters or helicopters) as well as against fast-moving targets on land (e.g. infantry tanks) with a single shot and preferably deployed with drum fire. Depending on the caliber size, the energy of the projectile is sufficient to even penetrate through armor plates up to a thickness of approximately 60 mm. The projectile consists of explosive-free, brittle heavy metal and is intended to have a similar breadth effect to a high-explosive bomb, while the projectile body disintegrates upon impact, e.g. with the first target plate of a multi-plate target and due to its high kinetic energy not only has a good width effect, but also has a clearly perceptible depth effect.
    Such a FAPDS sheet-side projectile according to the preamble is known, for example, from EP-A 0073385. The projectile body of this known versatile projectile is made up of several parts and consists of different tungsten materials. A conical front part can have the same composition as a body part in the middle or at least partly consist of another material of less density or similar mass, such as, for example, aluminum or ceramic. The rear-mounted tail or fence part must be easy to machine and therefore consists of a tungsten-heavy metal with a density 3 of at least 16.7 g / cm. The individual projectile parts must be soldered or welded together. The production of the separate projectile parts consisting of different tungsten materials is therefore difficult and requires additional work steps for a shear-resistant connection of the individual parts. This type of missile with a relatively low material density does not have optimal disintegration behavior; it no longer meets today's very high requirements. In the known two-piece projectile embodiment, the rear gate part does not already fall apart at the first thin metal plates of the target, such as, for example, against the outer walls of an aircraft. As a result, the highest width of shards effective in width is not reached.
    The object of the present invention is to provide, in accordance with the preamble, a versatile projectile which, while guaranteeing the supply resistance in high-firing bombardments from automatic weapons and the shear strength of the individual projectile, resulting in particular from its material structure ensures optimal disintegration behavior, even when colliding with the thinnest aluminum plates, and ensures consequent maximum performance in all target types mentioned at the outset. In addition, it must be possible for the projectile to be economically manageable with regard to the material treatment and processing after the final projectile mold.
    According to the invention, this problem is solved by the measures indicated in the characterization of claim 1.
    The excellent end-ballistic performance, ie the transfer of the highest kinetic energy by the immediate disintegration of the projectile body with optimum shards formation by the first target resistance in the target structure in question becomes entirely essential due to the high density or specific gravity between 17.5 and 19.2 g / cm of the projection body formed. The optimal disintegration behavior is due to the high brittleness of the heavy metal sinter material, resp. ensured by the special ratio of cobalt to nickel in the bonding phase (matrix) between the individual tungsten particles. The special properties of the projectile body are furthermore due to the coordinated heat treatments and the state characteristics of a particle size of 20 to 50 µm (micrometers), preferably of about 40 µm, and a hardness of 300 to 400 HV ( 30), preferably between 340 and 380 HV (30).
    In the process for the production of the versatile projectile body according to the invention, the fine-grained tungsten powder as a starting material is mixed with additives of up to 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 3% by weight, of a cobalt-nickel mixture as a bonding phase and e.g. in a suitable "piercing furnace" at temperatures between about 1450 ° C and 1600 ° C, preferably at about 1580 ° C in the liquid phase of the matrix (binder phase) consisting of cobalt, nickel and the dissolved tungsten sintered. Only sintering in the liquid phase for about 15 to 30 minutes affords an evenly high compaction of the metal powder and the necessary alloy of sufficient amounts of tungsten in the Co / Ni / bond matrix. Only after the proportion of dissolved tungsten in the bonding matrix has reached about 40 to 85% can the metallic phases described in the claims be formed.
    After sintering in the liquid phase, a projectile semi-finished product is produced, which - possibly with a further thermal treatment measure - is easy to process. First in the subsequent annealing treatment of from about 1 to 20 hours, preferably about 10 hours, at a temperature of about 900 ° to 1200 ° C, preferably from about 1000 ° to 1100 ° C, before the matrix becomes embrittled , the desired bonding phase is set, which consists of at least two, preferably three different phases.
    The desired material brittleness of the tungsten intermediate material in the bonding matrix can be deliberately adjusted via a suitable ratio of cobalt to nickel and a sintering in the liquid phase with suitable temperature control of a predetermined duration (for dissolving the required proportion of tungsten):
    Example I: ratio Co / Ni = 1: 0.5 The bond matrix between the individual tungsten particles consists of a very brittle metallic μ phase (μ phase, e.g. (NiCo) ^ W ^, with rhombohedral lattice structure (see grinding plate). photo B1) The structure of this tungsten sinter material is so brittle that a projection made therefrom does not have sufficient shear strength.
    Example II: ratio of Co / Ni = 1: 2.3 The bond matrix consists of a 100% cubic-plane centered phase (phase), eg Ni / CoW mixed crystal, with fine tungsten separations (see sharpening plate photo Bil); this material is so tough that thin aluminum plates of the target (aircraft, outer walls) do not yet sufficiently disintegrate with correspondingly large shard formation.
    Example ΙΙΙ: ratio Co / Ni * 1: 1.2 The bonding phase contains three different metallic phases (see grinding image picture Bill): first a light gray brittle phase with rhombohedral lattice structure (such as the bonding phase according to example I), second dark gray needles of a hexagonal β phase (β phase), e.g. (NiCo) ^ W, and a very dark cubic-plane centered β phase (as Example II); the individual phases consist of different compositions of Co / Ni / W. This alloy is very brittle and requires a tuned projectile construction (which is described in more detail below) to ensure a certain disintegration when impacting thin aluminum plates.
    Example IV: ratio Co / Ni 1: 1.5 (see sharpening plate photo BIV)
    Only four minor amounts of brittle phase are present in the structure; the β phase (dark gray needles) and the dark ^ phase are approximately the same thickness. This tungsten heavy metal alloy exhibits excellent target disintegration behavior and has the best feed resistance when used in automatic machine weapons and the best shear strength. This material composition indicates the optimal solution according to the invention.
    The process for manufacturing the FAPDS projectile body according to the invention starts from a composition in the crude mixture of, for example, 98% by weight of tungsten powder and 2% by weight of cobalt / nickel bonding phase. A semi-finished product is formed from this material and sintered in the liquid phase. Liquid phase sintering preferably takes place under a protective atmosphere of hydrogen gas at a temperature between 1450 ° C and 1600 ° C, preferably at about 1580 ° C, in a time period between 5 and 90 minutes, preferably between 15 and 30 minutes. min. After this, the metallic bonding phase (matrix) between the clean tungsten particles consists of a composition of 40 to 45% dissolved tungsten, 20 to 25% cobalt and 30 to 40% nickel. The sintered projectile semi-finished product can then be easily processed to its final dimensions without further thermal and / or mechanical additional operations. Optionally, however, a solution annealing can be carried out to improve the workability. Hereby the finished sintered projectile body is subjected to an annealing at a temperature between 1200 ° and 1400 ° C, preferably between 1300 ° C and 1370 ° C for a period of 0.5 to 6 hours, preferably between 2 and 4 hours, kept at the corresponding annealing temperature and subsequently cooled rapidly.
    After the final processing of the projectile body, the final embrittlement annealing takes place, preferably under a vacuum of about 10 µ Torr, during which 3 separate homogeneous metallic phases are set up in the bonding phase (compare grinding plate pictures BUI and BIV). The tungsten particles with a particle size of about 20 to 50 µm are almost completely bound by a phase with a high content of tungsten, this phase with a high content of tungsten between the tungsten particles having at least two different homogeneous phases, which in terms of content of tungsten , nickel and cobalt are different. The described tungsten heavy metal alloys according to the invention are for arbitrary projectile shapes resp. constructions for obtaining an optimal disintegration behavior in the target are perfectly suitable; i.e. the material is not bound to a special projectile shape, however, the most optimal results are achieved with the preferred projectile shape described below.
    In the drawings, fig. 1 and fig. 2 show a projectile body 10 according to the invention provided with a cylindrical center piece 12, a slightly rearwardly tapering fence area 14 and a conically shaped part 16 arranged in the front, which is made in one piece and optionally may have a bore on the gate side for accommodating a trailing light axis. A front tip 24 of the projectile body 10 consists of solid tempered steel (Fig. 1). To secure the front tip 24, a circular circular surface 20 extending from a flat circular, approximately halfway between the conical tapering tip 16, of the projectile body, is provided, a cylindrical, protruding stud 22, which in the vicinity of the base 20 has a circumferential ring groove 26 as nominal breaking site. The one-piece projectile body 10 consists of the liquid phase sintered metallic tungsten powder having the Co / Ni / W bonding matrix of the invention. The projection body 10 has a flat stand surface 32 on the rearwardly slightly conically tapering stern section 14, in which two or more cam-shaped projections or resp. projecting parts 34 may be provided.
    In a second exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 2, the front point 24.1 of high-strength steel is made high and has a fire mass 25 present within its cavity, which is present in the target to improve the pyrophoric fire effect.
    With the FAPDS versatile projectile according to the invention in the special material composition described above and the present embodiment of the projectile body with a pointed version in tempered steel, the contradictory requirements of an absolutely reliable supply resistance under cadence or high rate of fire (loading or also unloading) become with highest acceleration and afrera values) as well as a reliable shear strength on the one hand and optimally fulfills the high sensitivity of the projectile disintegration behavior upon impact at the least resistance in the target, accompanied by a cost-effective and good machinability.
    Despite the brittle projectile material, it does not occur in known projectiles, which are made from the conventional tungsten carbide, to crush in the projectile construction according to the invention.
    The excellent performance of the projectile according to the invention in the target is distinguished in particular in that in addition to the large holes in the target structures, which are generated by cumulative fragmentation effects, the tungsten-heavy metal material according to the invention in addition to resp. on the edge of the large holes, in addition, numerous smaller holes with a diameter of about 1-3 mm are caused, which, even at a larger target depth, have a sufficient disturbance effect (e.g. on electronic devices in the interior of a combat helicopter); this is based on the high disintegratability of the projectile already at the first thin metal sheet of the target with a known projectile compared to the preamble indicated in the preamble with an approximately 30¾ to 40% greater width effective in width and with a correspondingly higher performance in the goal.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Sub-caliber, rotationally stabilized versatile projectile, which, due to its given material structure when impacting on a target with the least resistance in the target, such as, for example, against thin-walled aluminum plates, already completely disintegrates into fragments, with a projectile body, which consists of a liquid-phase sintered heavy metal sinter material formed of substantially metallic tungsten powder with additives of Ni and Co, characterized in that: a) the tungsten content in the sinter material is between 90 and 99.5 wt% , preferably between 97 and 99% by weight, b) the ratio of the proportion of cobalt to that of nickel in the sinter material in the crude composition is between 1: 0.5 to 1: 2.3, preferably about 1: 1.5, c) the specific gravity of the sinter material is between 17.5 and 19.2, preferably between 18.5 and 19.0 g / cm, d) the heavy metal sinter material has an average grain size of 20 to 50 JU m, preferably approx has a diameter of 40 m, and e) the hardness of the projectile body made of heavy metal sinter material between 300 and 400 HV (30), preferably between 340 and 380 HV (30).
    [2]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the heavy metal sinter material optionally under a protective atmosphere of hydrogen gas at a temperature between 1450 ° and 1600 ° C, preferably approximately at 1580 ° C, for a period of time between 5 and 90 min., preferably between 15 and 30 min., is sintered in the liquid phase.
    [3]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sintered projectile body has an annealing between 1200 ° C and 1400 ° C, preferably between 1300 ° and 1370 ° C, in a period of 0.5 to 6 hours, preferably between 2 and 4 hours at an annealing temperature, with subsequent rapid cooling.
    [4]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the projectile body consisting of heavy metal sinter material after its final processing at a temperature of about 900 ° to 1200 ° C, preferably between 1000 ° and 1100 ° C, has annealed for 1 to 20 hours, preferably about 10 hours.
    [5]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the tungsten, nickel and cobalt heavy metal sintered liquid-sintered material in the final state of the projectile body has a very brittle matrix with at least has two different phases with a high tungsten content.
    [6]
    Versatile projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heavy metal sinter material of the projectile body after annealing treatment has three different phases with a high tungsten content in the matrix.
    [7]
    7. Versatile projectile, which, due to its given material structure when impacting on a target with the least resistance in the target, such as, for example, against thin-walled aluminum plates, already completely disintegrates into fragments, with a lower caliber, rotationally stabilized projectile body, consisting of a liquid-phase sintered heavy metal sinter material formed of essentially metallic tungsten powder optionally with nickel and cobalt additives, characterized in that: a) the heavy metal sinter material (10) is constructed in one piece, (b) the projection body (10) has a cylindrical center section (12), a slightly conical gate section (14) and a conical point section (16), in which a circular base (at right angles to the projectile longitudinal axis (18)) 20) a forwardly pointing, essentially cylindrical stud (22) is formed, to which is attached a point (24), preferably of tempered steel, c) having the stud (22) in the vicinity of the circular base (20) a circumferential ring groove (26) as the nominal fracture site.
    [8]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 7, characterized in that the diameter of the stud (22) is greater than the radius of the circular base (20) and is approximately half the diameter of the projectile.
    [9]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the mounted tip (24) consists of tempered steel and is of solid construction.
    [10]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the tip (24.1) consists of thin-walled, tempered steel and has a hollow interior.
    [11]
    Versatile projectile according to claim 10, characterized in that a pyrophoric fire mass (25) is arranged in the hollow space of the thin-walled tip (24).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    IT8948109D0|1989-06-22|
    GB2323149B|1998-12-23|
    NL194515B|2002-02-01|
    GB2323149A|1998-09-16|
    FR2765677B1|1999-11-26|
    DE3821474C1|1998-08-27|
    GB8905547D0|1998-07-15|
    GB8914067D0|1998-07-15|
    NO308560B1|2000-09-25|
    PT90589B|2000-08-31|
    FR2765677A1|1999-01-08|
    NL194515C|2002-06-04|
    PT90589A|1998-08-31|
    NO892628L|1998-07-12|
    US5872327A|1999-02-16|
    TR23848A|1990-10-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE1428679C1|1964-12-29|1977-09-15|Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst|Hard core bullet for fighting tank targets|
    US3888636A|1971-02-01|1975-06-10|Us Health|High density, high ductility, high strength tungsten-nickel-iron alloy & process of making therefor|
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    US3946673A|1974-04-05|1976-03-30|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy|Pyrophoris penetrator|
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    EP0143775B1|1983-11-23|1989-01-11|VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft|Sub-calibre penetrator and method of making the same|
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    US4743512A|1987-06-30|1988-05-10|Carpenter Technology Corporation|Method of manufacturing flat forms from metal powder and product formed therefrom|FR2795430B1|1999-06-25|2002-03-22|Cime Bocuze Sa|LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERED HIGH DENSITY TUNGSTEN MATERIAL|
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    DE102007037702A1|2007-08-09|2009-02-12|Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh|Method and apparatus for producing a tubular solid body from a high-melting tungsten-heavy metal alloy, in particular as a semi-finished product for the production of a penetrator for a balancing projectile with splinter effect|
    WO2009032989A1|2007-09-06|2009-03-12|Shaiw-Rong Scott Liu|Kinetic energy penetrator|
    US8028626B2|2010-01-06|2011-10-04|Ervin Industries, Inc.|Frangible, ceramic-metal composite objects and methods of making the same|
    US10323919B2|2010-01-06|2019-06-18|Ervin Industries, Inc.|Frangible, ceramic-metal composite objects and methods of making the same|
    US8813652B2|2010-09-17|2014-08-26|Amtec Corporation|Pyrophoric projectile|
    EP3303871B1|2015-06-02|2021-02-17|Apex Biomedical Company, LLC|Energy-absorbing structure with defined multi-phasic crush properties|
    FR3039266B1|2015-07-22|2017-09-01|Cime Bocuze|PENETRATOR HAVING A CORE SURROUNDED BY A DUCTILE SHEATH AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A PENETRATOR|
    法律状态:
    2000-09-01| A1C| A request for examination has been filed|
    2005-03-01| V1| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20050101 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE3821474A|DE3821474C1|1988-06-25|1988-06-25|One-piece frangible armour-piercing discarding sabot|
    DE3821474|1988-06-25|
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